Implementation Case Studies
These case studies were collected through collaboration and conversation with each jurisdiction by Kate Reed (Project Manager, Behavioral Health Division, The Council of State Governments Justice Center), Monika Witt (Policy Manager, National Council for Mental Wellbeing), and Jennifer Bierhoff (Lead Quality Improvement Specialist, Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services, Behavioral Health and Justice Division) from 2020 to 2021.
At the time of data collection, Kate and Jennifer worked for the Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services Behavioral Health and Justice Division (BHJD), and Monika worked for the Office of Criminal Justice, all for the City of Philadelphia.
The information published here was accurate at the time of data collection, but these programs are ongoing and may have changed. Published in collaboration with Transform911 and with design support from Natalie Warren (Research Manager, UChicago Health Lab).
Austin, TX: Mobile Crisis Outreach Team (MCOT)
- City: Austin TX (Expanded Mobile Crisis Outreach Team- EMCOT, MCOT-Mobile Crisis)
- Population Size: 978,908
- Jurisdiction Size: 297.9 sq miles
Bernalillo County, New Mexico: Mobile Crisis Teams
- City: Bernalillo County, NM (includes Albuquerque)
- Population Size: 679,121
- Jurisdiction Size: 1,160.83 sq miles
Chicago, Illinois – Crisis Assistance Response and Engagement (CARE)
- City: Chicago, Illinois
- Population Size: 2,693,976
- Jurisdiction Size: 227.62 sq miles
Denver, Colorado – Support Team Assisted Response (STAR)
- City: Denver, Colorado
- Population Size: 727,211
- Jurisdiction Size: 154.9 sq miles
Los Angeles, California: Mental Evaluation Unit (MEU)
- City: Los Angeles, CA
- Population Size: 3,979,576
- Jurisdiction Size: 488.67 square miles
New York City, New York: Behavioral Health Emergency Assistance Response Division (B-HEARD)
- City: NYC (B-HEARD) – Pilot began June 2021
- Population Size: 8,804,190 (entire city, not pilot)
- Jurisdiction Size: 302.64 sq miles (entire city, not pilot)
Salt Lake City, Utah: Community Connection Team (CCT)
- City: Salt Lake City, Utah
- Population Size: 200,567
- Jurisdiction Size: 111.11 sq miles
San Francisco, California: Street Crisis Response Team (SCRT)
- City: San Francisco, CA
- Population Size: 881,549
- Jurisdiction Size: 46.87 sq miles
St. Louis, Missouri: Crisis Response Unit (CRU)
- City: St. Louis, Missouri (CRU)
- Population Size: 300,576
- Jurisdiction Size: 61.91 sq miles
Tucson, Arizona: Crisis Response Teams
- City: Tucson, Arizona
- Population Size: 548,073
- Jurisdiction Size: 226.71 sq miles